Under the republic, the Senate and People of Rome authorized provincial governors, who answered only to them, to rule regions of the empire. The territory under command of the emperor had developed under the period of the Roman Republic as it invaded and occupied much of Europe and portions of North Africa and the Middle East. For example, Augustus's official name was Imperator Caesar Divi Filius Augustus. The modern word "emperor" derives from the title imperator, that was granted by an army to a successful general during the initial phase of the empire, the title was generally used only by the princeps. The style of government instituted by Augustus is called the Principate and continued until the late third or early fourth century. The title of Augustus was conferred on his successors to the imperial position, and emperors gradually grew more monarchical and authoritarian. Augustus maintained a facade of Republican rule, rejecting monarchical titles but calling himself princeps senatus (first man of the Senate) and princeps civitatis (first citizen of the state).
The Roman emperors were the rulers of the Roman Empire from the granting of the name and title Augustus to Octavian by the Roman Senate in 27 BC onward. A famous statue of Augustus ( r.27 BC – AD 14), the first Roman emperor
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